\section{Franklin Uses His Armonica for 'Healing'}

% \TODO{???} wait a minute--repeated in the Mesmer section

Benjamin Franklin himself, the inventor of the \glassarmonica{}, used his invention to heal the ``melancholia'' of Princess Izabella Czartoryska of Poland. 

Here is her own account, written in 1772:

\begin{quote}
I was ill, in a state of melancholia, and writing my testament and farewell letters. Wishing to distract me, my husband explained to me who Franklin was and to what he owed his fame.\ldots Franklin had a noble face with an expression of engaging kindness. Surprised by my immobility, he took my hands and gazed at me saying: pauvre jeune femme ['poor young lady']. He then opened an armonica, sat down and played long. The music made a strong impression on me and tears began flowing from my eyes. Then Franklin sat by my side and looking with compassion said, ``Madam, you are cured.'' Indeed in that moment I was cured of my melancholia. Franklin offered to teach me how to play the armonica\EmDash{}I accepted without hesitation, hence he gave me twelve lessons. \footnote{translated in Lipowski, Z. J. (1984), Benjamin Franklin as a psychotherapist: A forerunner of brief psychotherapy. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 27, 361-366. p.362}
\end{quote}

??? Madame Brillon plays the armonica (Lopez, Claude-Anne; Mon Cher Papa, Franklin and the Ladies of Paris; Yale 1996; p. 83)

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??? 
Franklin, accompanied by Madame Brillon, did pay a visit to Mesmer (when???), but their purpose, it seems, was more musical than scientific-they were interested in the armonica Mesmer used for background music during his treatments. That the visit was somewhat strained, with the guests trying to keep the conversation on music, and the host trying to promote his medical theories, is reflectedby an exclamation of Madame Brillon in one of her several evocations of paradise\EmDash{}this one dated Nov. 1, 1779\EmDash{}``in heaven, M. Mesmer will content himself with playing the armonica and will not bother us with his electrial fluid!''\footnote{(APS XLIII, 35) (Lopez, Claude-Anne; Mon Cher Papa, Franklin and the Ladies of Paris; Yale 1996; p. 170}
In 1789 BF \& Mme. Brillon went to Mesmer's house in Paris to hear him play. (PBF X,123 n).
Franz Schubert played at a mesmeric session conducted by the painter Carolsfeld in 1825. [Horden, P. Music as Medicine, p. 328]